Both words may be used as adjectives. "Adverse" means unfavorable, acting against, or hostile to. "Averse" means disinclined, unwilling, reluctant, or opposed to. "Averse" does not carry the notion of threat or harm that "adverse" does.
"Adverse" comes from the Latin, "to turn (against)". "Averse" has the same etymology.
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"Adverse" comes from the Latin for "to turn towards" ie to turn to face someone, or to confront, to oppose them. "Adversity" means circumstances which are hostile, and which you need to confront.
"Averse" means "to turn away from" ie to dislike something (normally, to dislike something strongly - if you say "I have an aversion/I am averse to ice cream" you dont mean "I don't like ice cream very much". You mean "I dislike ice cream so much that it makes me feel ill and I have to turn away from it!")
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